FUNDACIÓN VÍCTIMAS DEL TERRORISMO 95 - ENGLISH

45 B ased on the papers presented at the 23rd Fernando Buesa Seminar held in October 2025, this collec- tive publication reviews and addresses in detail one of the harshest stages of ETA's activity in its final period. The year 2000 marked the end of ETA's ceasefire, with the resumption of vio- lence and the return of the "socializa- tion of suffering." Kale borroka spread terror across society, targeting political representatives, judges, journalists, and social leaders. The result was intense so- cial fracture, fueled by opposing political strategies and the instrumentalization of fear, which tested coexistence and the so- lidity of democratic institutions. Drawing on testimonies, analysis, re- flections, and memories from various actors involved, the book coordinated by Antonio Rivera and Eduardo Mateo reconstructs the political and social context of those years and helps explain the beginning of ETA's definitive decli- ne. The work, jointly published by the Fernando Buesa Foundation and the Valentín de Foronda Institute of Social History (UPV/EHU) with Los Libros de la Catarata, is based on the papers from the 23rd Fernando Buesa Seminar held in October 2024 and includes articles by Oscar Beltran de Otalora, Emilio Alfaro, Sara Hidalgo, Gaizka Fernán- dez Soldevilla, Amaia Goenaga, Luis R. Aizpeolea, Isabel Urkijo, Javier Gómez Bermudez, Ludger Mees, Alberto Su- rio, Antonio Rivera, Ramón Jauregui, Izaskun Bilbao, Rafael Larreina, and Ramón Rabanera. The book was presented during May and June at the Ignacio Aldecoa Cultural Center in Vitoria-Gasteiz, at the head- quarters of Gogora in Bilbao, and at the Ateneo de Madrid, with both co-editors and several co-authors present. A n innovative educational pro- ject brought together, through memory and the history of the victims of ETA, GAL, and jihadism, two schools from Vitoria-Gasteiz and Muret (Toulouse). March 16 was chosen for the meeting between students from Colegio Nazare- th-Salesianas (Vitoria-Gasteiz) and Lycée Pierre D'Aragon in Muret (Toulouse) at the museum of the Memorial Center for Victims of Terrorism. This followed wee- ks of work that resulted in a comic by the Spanish students and a musical theater piece by the French students. The project was made possible by coo- peration among AFVT (Association Française des Victimes du Terroris- me), the Memorial Center for Victims of Terrorism, and the Fernando Buesa Foundation, and was created to bring the history and memory of terrorism to young people on both sides of the border. During a first session, students addressed what terrorism is, its history, and how it operates; in a second session, they heard direct testimony from Marta Buesa, Veronique Caplanne, and Geor- ges Salines, victims of ETA, GAL, and jihadism respectively. With all this lear- ning, which took place in the classrooms of both schools in October in France and January in Spain, a joint session was held in March in which students from both schools met and presented their final projects. This innovative project received signi- ficant media attention, and television, radio, and several French and Spanish newspapers reported on it. PRESENTATION OF THE BOOK 2000 The return of terror Spain and France, TOGETHER AGAINST TERRORISM