FUNDACIÓN VÍCTIMAS DEL TERRORISMO 96 - ENGLISH

EDUCATION AND COEXISTENCE 17 what is really happening inside,” he sum- marised. The CNI’s Head of Counter-Terrorism and Jihadism shared a similar view, defining the centre as a comprehensive intelligence service combining technical and human capabilities. He identified va- rious sources of risk, from lone actors and returning fighters to prisons, digital pro- paganda and instability in regions such as Afghanistan and the Sahel. Institutional cooperation was also cen- tral to the discussions. Francisco Coria , Head of CITCO’s Counter-Terrorism Division, highlighted Spain’s evolution since the attacks of 11 March 2004. Whereas compartmentalisation and reluctance to share information predo- minated then, a much stronger culture of coordination now exists between se- curity forces, intelligence services, pro- secutors and the courts. An increasingly significant internatio- nal dimension complements this work. Gonzalo de Salazar , of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, recalled that coun- ter-terrorism has also become a global diplomatic task, pursued through the United Nations and numerous multila- teral initiatives. PRISONS, PREVENTION AND REMEMBRANCE The prison system was another area exa- mined. The Secretary General for Peniten- tiary Institutions, Ángel Luis Ortiz, explai- ned that prisons are both a setting of risk and an opportunity for intervention. He highlighted the low reoffending rate among those convicted of jihadist terro- rism and defended the disengagement and treatment programmes developed in prisons. Their aim, he said, is to ma- nage risk and encourage effective rein- tegration. The course concluded with reflection on victims of terrorism. The testimonies of José Manuel Sánchez Riera , a survivor of the attack in Latifiya (Iraq), and Pi- lar López Menchero , the daughter of a victim of the 11 March attacks, recalled the lasting impact of terrorist violence beyond the statistics. Both emphasised the importance of re- membrance, support and social recogni- tion. López Menchero called for pity to be replaced by true empathy capable of understanding the life journeys of those living with terrorism’s consequences. The Director General for Support to Vic- tims of Terrorism, Montserrat Torija , advocated a comprehensive protection model enabling assistance and recogni- tion to be activated from the earliest mo- ments after an attack. The course’s final conclusion was una- nimous. A response based exclusively on policing is insufficient against a threat that moves rapidly between social media, gaming environments, digital platforms and international conflicts. Early prevention, intelligen- ce, institutional cooperation, the pro- tection of minors and remembrance of victims are now inseparable pillars of a strategy that must confront increa- singly fragmented, changing terrorism without abandoning the democratic principles it seeks to defend.